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Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 72(4): 163-166, oct.-dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588872

ABSTRACT

La leche materna constituye el alimento natural ideal para los recién nacidos y lactantes. Sus características nutricionales permiten el crecimiento armónico del niño y la prevención de la morbi-mortalidad infantil, especialmente por enfermedades diarreicas. Los diferentes tipos de leche que se producen en la glándula mamaria (pre-calostro, calostro, leche de transición, leche de pretérmino, y madura), se adaptan a los requerimientos del niño en el tiempo, permitiendo que los elementos constitutivos (grasas carbohidratos, proteínas y enzimas) se absorban y digieran fácilmente, favoreciendo la formación de un sistema inmunitario eficiente. La leche materna contiene componentes que conforman su función protectora contra virus, bacterias y parásitos. Factores Constitutivos: Quelantes: Lactoferrina, Proteína fijadora de Vitamina B12 (Haptocorrina), Proteína fijadora de Acido Fólico; Enzimas: Lactoperoxidasa, Lizosima con efecto bactericida y bacteriostático. Factores anti-infecciosos: Factor Bífido (N-acetilglucosamina), Factor de crecimiento epidérmico; Factor estimulante de fibroblastos; Gangliósidos y Oligosacáridos, Lactadherina, Factor de resistencia antiestafilococo. Factores Inducidos: son inducidos por antígenos presentes en el tubo digestivo y en el árbol bronquial: macrófagos, linfocitos T y B; Inmunoglobulinas A, G, M, K-caseína que inhibe la adherencia de Helicobacter Pylori. Varios estudios indican que algunos factores de la leche humana inducen una maduración más rápida del sistema inmunológico en relación a niños alimentados artificialmente. Se recomienda que el niño alimentado al pecho no suspenda la lactancia si presenta algún trastorno diarreico; por el contrario, debe aumentar el número de mamadas para garantizar una adecuada ingesta calórica y de nutrientes. Esto se ha demostrado en estudios que reportan menor incidencia de enfermedad diarreica en lactantes alimentados con lactancia materna.


Breast milk is the ideal food for infants from birth. Its nutritional features allow an armonic child development and the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants, especially from diarrheal illness. The different types of milk produced by the mammary glands (pre-calostral, calostral, transitional, pre-term milk, and mature), adapt to the child’s requirements, changing its composition, energy content, volume and density. This facilitates absorption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and enzymes, and builds an efficient immune system to grant optimal child health. Breast milk has huge amounts of immunological components which contribute to the protective function against virus, bacteria, and parasites: Constituent factors: 1.-Binders: Lactoferin, binding proteins for vitamin B12 (Haptocorin) and Folic Acid. 2.-Enzymes: Lactoperoxidase and Lisozims, with bactericide and bacteriostatic effects. Anti-infection factors: Bífidus Factor (N-Acetil-glucosamine), Epidermal Development Factor, gangliosides and oligosaccharides, Lactadherin and Anti-staphylococcal factor. Induced Factors: The anti-infective activity is specific for each woman; these factors are induced by antigens in the digestive system and respiratory tract: macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, A, G, M immunoglobulins. Also K-casein, related with anti-adhesive action of Helicobacter Pylori. Human milk induces the maturation of the child’s immune system earlier than formula. It is recommended not to withhold breastfeeding in infants affected by diarrhea. On the contrary, the number and duration of feedings should be increased to guarantee an adequate nutritional and caloric intake. Clinical trials which compare the morbidity in infants according with the feeding pattern show a lower incidence of diarrhea in breast fed children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Colostrum/immunology , Milk, Human/immunology , Child Care , Diarrhea, Infantile/prevention & control
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